Explosive-engine.



W. J. WRIGHT.

. EXPLOSIVE ENGINE. I V AYYLIOATION FILED PEER?, 1906. EENEWED FEB. 27, 1911. 1,006, l 66.

mmm x14/nyu.

W. J. WRIGHT.

BXPLOSIVB- ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEBJI, 1906. BENBWBD FSB. 27, 1911.

W. J. WRIGHT. EXPLOSIVE ENGINE.

' APPLIoATIoN PILE Y D FEB.7, 1906. RENBWED FEB. 27, 191;. 1,006,

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Wt J WRIGHT.

EXPLOSIVE ENGINE. APPLIOATION FILED H1317, 1906. BENEWED F1111. 27, 1911. 1,006, 1 66.

Ptelltd 001). 17, 19-11.

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vWILLIAM J. WRIGHT, 0F FRANKLIN, PENNSYLVANIA.

EXPLOSIVE-ENGINE. y

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 17, 1911.

Application led February 7, 1906, Serial No. 299,893. Renewed February 27, 1911. Serial No. 611,232.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known thatA I, WILLIAM J. WRIGHT, residing at' Franklin, in the county of Venango and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new land Improved Explosive- Engine, of which the following is a specification.

My present invention has for its purpose to prpvide an improved construction of gas engine capable of being economically built, and the several parts so' designed and cooperatively combined so that a maximum power is obtained from the energy employed and in which the operation of running 1s easily controlled, with little or no loss of the energy utilized for actuating the same.

My present invention, in its general nature, comprises a peculiar relative arrangement-of a pump mechanism in the nature of a low pressure cylinder having a single inlet, a single exhaust and a single piston operating therein, the working cylinder provided with an exhaust joined with the single inlet in the other cylinder, a single'piston operating therein, the said two cylinders having a predetermined relative internal are-a or fluid receiving space, for'exam-ple, the low pressure pump cylinder has approximately four times the area of the worklng cylinder; special means being also provided actuated by the crank shaft, for imparting differential motions to the pump and working pistons, two movements of thepump piston to one of the working iston, whereby the operation of drawing ofi) the exploded charge from the working cylinder and drawing 1n the new charge is effected during that portion of the stroke of the crank which actuatesthe working piston to nish the last eighth of its movement in one cycle and passes over the first eighth of its movement in the next cycle, the parts being also so timed with respect to each other in their movement that the pressure of the exploded mixture in the working cylinder is utilized in assisting -or driving the pump Vpiston under gradually diminishing iiow pressure,

back, during that movement thereof. in which the -entireburnt mixture is passing out of the working cylinder and a vacuum created in that end of the cylinder from which the mixture is drawn off whereby to facilitate the entrance therein of a new charge while the working piston closes the exhaust of the 'working cyllnder.

My present invention also embodies an improved construction of actuating mechanism controlled by the crank Shaft for turning they charges of the'working agent into the opposite ends of the working cylinder', and in its more specific nature it consists in certain details of construction and peculiar combination of parts, all of which will be hereinafter fully described and claimed and also illustrated in the accompanying. drawings, in whichz- Figure l, is a longitudinal section of an exploslve engine constructed 1n accordance with my invention and whichillustrates the working pistonon the last eighth portion of itsf'stroke in the direction indicated by the arrow a and the pump piston in osition to begin its stroke in the opposite lrection as indicated by the arrow b. Fig. 2, is a similar view illustrating the working iston in position of finishing its stroke in t e direction indicated by the arrow '0, the pump piston being back in position to exhaust the 4burnt mixture from and create .a vacuum in the other end of the working cylinder.` 'Fig'. 3, is a plan view of my engine, the parts being in the position shown in Fig. 1. Fig. '4, is a transverse section thereof taken on the line L1--4- of Fig. 1. Fig. 5,l is a. detail sectional view which illustrates one of the air and gas intakes of the working cylinder, a valve device therefor, and a mechanicalv means for actuating said valve device at predetermined times. Fig. 6, illustrates a plan view of a slightl modified form of my invention which wil hereinafter be explained.

In the practical application of my present invention and in its preferred form as best illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the same comprises generally, a double acting working cylinder A and a single combined lowpressure and pump cylinder B, and these two cylinders are coperatively connected and mounted on a suit-able bed frame C and 1n. y have the usual water jacketed construction, as shown.

D designates a single piston within the working cylinder A, and whose rod'd. projects through the stuing box a in one end of thel cylinder A and connects with" the cross head E, slidably mounted in the usual manner on the bed frame and to which connects the pitman F that joins with the crank shaft G, mounted 'on one endof the bed foo frame C, and provided with'a balance wheelc at each end, see Fig. 8. A

H designates an open or trunk piston within the cylinder B whose rod or pit-man 71. pivotally connects with a supplemental crank shaft I from which it receives motion and for reasons hereinafter explained, it hasa gear J that meshes with a gear K on the crank shaft G which has such diameter with respect to gear J that a two to one motion is imparted to the pistons H and D.

The working or power piston D is double acting, it compressing theworking 'charges for reasons hereinafter explained, said pis- `ton D being also of such length and its stroke so regulated to properly coact with a pair of centrally disposed exhausts M-M that connect with Aa single exhaust port m that discharges through a single inlet N 1n the extreme front end of the cylinder B .as l clearly shown in Figs. l and 2.

As before stated, the cylindersA and B are of a predetermined correlative area, with the cylinder B the larger. The differential practical application of my invention is such, that the expansive'force of the exploded mixture can be positively and effectively utilized to assist in carrying the crank shaft G over the dead center by reason of its flowing against `the piston H on the beginning of its 'forward movement, whereby during the forward movements of the piston H i the cylinder-B acts as a low pressure cylinder, since the entire expansive force of the exploded mixture, after it has carried the piston D forward to the limit of its stroke l (impelled by the exploded charge) enters against the piston H under its maximum force, say for example, 50 pounds down to a minimum (atmospheric) pressure, during the forwardtravel of the piston H whichl occurs during the time the piston D is re-l ciprocatingly moved under a one-fourth rotation of the crank shaft Gto uncover and cover either one of the exhausts M or l The cylinder B has a single exhaust O usually held closed by suitable valve devices,

which .are mechanically opened at predeter- 'mined ltimes by trip mechanism actuated from cylinder B, in practice is soarranged that the valves-for the working agent 'L-L are alternately actuated to let in the charge BEST AVAILABLE COPY into the opposite ends of the cylinder A, as the piston D makes its alternate strokes and the valve for the exhaust O actuated on each return stroke of the piston H.

To illustrate my way of effecting the required predetermined action `of the several valve devices referred to, vI have shown a worm gear P, see Fig. 3, mounted on the crank shaft G which meshes with a worm wheel Q on a shaft R, suitably journaled in 'supports on the bed frame C, and having such connection with the gear P that a single revolution thereof is produced-at each complete revolution of the shaft G. Each inlet L--L communicates with a valve casing l,

' one of which is shown iii detail in Fig. 5, by yreference to whiclrit will be seen that the casing has a chamber Z into which discharges an air feed pipe S and a gas feed .pipe 'T and which has a port Z2 normally closed from the inlet L by a valve V nor- Tmally held to its closed position by a stout spring u mounted on the stem u.

l/Vhile I have not shown it in the drawing,

in the practicalconstruction of 1n machine, means are provided vfor leading t e air into the casing Z in advance of the gas, but this is not essential for the working of my pres- -ent form of engine, since the air .and gas 5 may be led into the casing through separate pipes as shown, or fed into said casing in a previously mixed condition.

area of the two cylinders A and B in the The valve V for the exhaust O is of a con- I struction similar to the valves Uand has its l stem` 'U projectedin the same directionthat the stems trof valves U are directed and the several stems u and 'u are arranged to be engaged at predetermined intervals by the cams 1010 and l0a on the shaft R. l

My engine constructed in the manner explained and illustrated, operates as follows Assuming the space behind the piston D, I"ig. l, to be filled with an exploded charge of the combustible mixture or working agent and the piston D just about to uncover the exhaust port M', the crank on shaft G will now be at the point marked w, Fig. l, and just beginning to finish the last eighth of its stroke, ending at the point indicated At this time the piston lin the combined compound and pump cylinder will be in the position of having finished its forward stroke and about to return, the shafts G and I moving in the direction indicated by arrows, the several valves V-V and U at this time closing the ports L--L and O. A charge in front of piston D has now beencompressed to near its limit, since the said piston D during the next quarter 'of revolution of the shaft G, moves forward only enough to uncover the exhaust M and back again far enough on its reverse stroke to' cover the said exhaust M', the other exhaust M being/at this time held closed by the piston D. While the shaft G is thus malt,

" outunder a fullhead against thepiston ing the quarter lrevolution referred to, the shaft I is making a half revolution which brings the crank from Y tojY, see Fig. 1, thus making a complete movement of the piston H in the direction indicated by the Aarrow t. The' relative movements of the pistons D and B being understood, it is manifest, that so soon as the iston D beins 'to uncover port 'M' the still expansive orce of the working agent Dl will now gp.

and impel it' under a low exploded charge pressure, which pressurev gradually diy gcnm-back about two-thirds -of its .back`\ minis'hes as the piston H .moves back until it reaches' the minimum or. atmospheric pressure,` which, when the yparts are as shown, :is reachedwhen the piston H has stroke and after the crank'of the' shaft G has just passed the point a," and the piston D just begins its back strokefto recover port l M', it being understood that the. iston D is ,now being ,impelled bythe exp osion of thel charge back of it.- At thetime the piston YD. begins its b ack stroke to cover the port M and the piston H is finishing 'its back stroke a cama. on shaft R actuates the valve V andopensthe lfeed of the working agent, air and then gas, or a previously `mixed air and gas charge to inlet L', which, by reason of the vacuum now created in the cylinder B and that end of cylinderlA in lfront of piston D, by reason of the piston H on the finish of its back` stroke now acting as a pump, is 4quickly drawn into thecyl-l inder A while the port M is yet openfthe feed charge being'cut off, kby reason of the disengagement of 'the cam on shaft R from v.valve V the instant the port M is closedi to the crank shaft isl carried over the dead center by the impulse givenit from the pistonAH, and movedforward under the compound-action ofthel `engine,"that is,l the impulse .of the exploded charge first under high `pressure againstthe piston D and then under low pressureagainst the cylinder H. The piston H now being at its extreme back stroke, a new charge drawn into thefwork- `fingcylin'der back of its piston D, and both exhausts M and Mf beingnow closed and the expanded prior charge in the cylinder B i'n front of piston H, further movement of theshaftsjG and I causes the piston vH Ito move forward and they piston D in the direction of arrowjcon Fig. 2 to compress the new charge in front of it. As soon as lthe piston H begins to move forward the "valve U for exhaust is mechanicallybpened, by ieason of the cam on shaft R engaging the stem rfv which allows the piston H to quicklyeforce out the exhaust or residuum of the lastv charge through the port O and 'when thel piston vH reaches the limit of its complete forward stroke, under a one-half By reasonof the 'operation justA referred.

'It will be noticed that the full-expansive' force of the working charge is used from the maximum down to atmospheric pressure and hence none of such force lost by reason of blowin lthrough the exhaust,` and the forming o a vacuum or pum ing in a new charge is done while the wor ing cylinder is emptying its burnt residuum in advance thereof. A

While I prefer to use but a single working cylinder with a sin le combined compound and pumping cy inder, I desire it understood that my invention is not restricted to such arrangement since a single compound and pump cylinder may be used with .a pair of workin both ends andhas an inlet and an exhaust at each end, and the cylinder A2 at one side has its exhaust port M-M arranged to dis-V cylinders as shown I diagrammatically in Fig. 6. In this modified form, the` cylinder B is made closed at charge into the inlet m2 at one end of c linder B and the exhaust ports M-M ior' kthe other cylinder A? discharge into the inlets ms at the other end of the cylinder B;

When thus arranged the several pitmen or rods for the piston in the working cylinders alternate actions on the cylinders A2,-A3.

The arrangementof the parts shown in the drawings have been presented to illustrate in a concise and clear manner the structural arrangement of myimproved engine, but I desire Vit understood that the are set in quarters to vobtain the desiredv i1-o, lseveral detailsl of construction maybe.

readily modified without departing from the f scope of my invention. What I claim is 1. In a gas engine, a double acting high pressure cylinder, means for feeding a working agent thereto at predetermined times,`

the said `cylinder having an exhaust port, af

working piston therein, said piston control-yv ling the said exhaust port, a second or low pressure cylinder having an inletl port in communication with the exhaust port of the main or high pressure cylinder and having an exhaust port, a valve that controls the said exhaust port, automatically operated at predetermined times, a single acting piston in the llow pressure cylinder moved under a part of its out stroke by the expany sion 'of the exhaust 11pm the working or .main cylinder and operable ony the .nish of its stroke for drawing off the exhaust from the last explosion end of the working cylinder, as set forth.

2. In a gas engine, a double acting work- 'ing cylinder having a valve controlled. working agent inlet at each end andV an exhaust common to both ends, a working piston that controls .the exhaust, a second cylinder having an inlet and an exhaust, the inlet being in open communication with the exhaust from-the working cylinder, a single acting piston in the second cylinder, the crank shaft, and connections that join the two pistons with the crank shaft for imparting the diHerent movements thereto, automatic means for opening the valves for the working agent inlets to the main cylinder and the exhaust for the second cylinder at predetermined times, the two cylinders, their pistons and the valve actuating mechanism having such coperative relation as'to dis charge 1the burnt mixture under a low pressure against the piston in the aforesaid second cylinder and to form a Ivacuum in the working cylinder to draw in a new charge as the said piston is moving forward under the impulse of the low pressure exhaust.

3. In a gas engine, a primary double acting cylinder and a power piston therein, a second single acting cylinder and piston, the two cylinders being in communication, the power piston in its movement opening and closing said communication, means actuated from the crank shaft for imparting differential movement to the two pistons, the movement of the second cylinder being relatively such with respect to the discharge of the exploded force in the primary cylinder as to receive said force against the piston in the second cylinder during a part of its outstroke, for the purposes described.

4. A gas engine having a valve for controlling the working agent inlet to the working cylinderyand devices actuated from the crank shaft for opening said valve at predetermined times, in combination with a second single acting cylinder communicating with the working cylinder and having a piston adapted on the beginning of its stroke to receive the impact force of the exhausting Charge that passes from the working cylinder, the said piston as it reaches the end of its stroke acting to create a vacuum in the working cylinder in front of the piston therein as the valve for the infeed opens, as set forth.

5. A gas engine having a. high pressure double acting working cylinder provided with an inlet for the explosive chargegand a second single acting cylinderin communication with the primary cylinder, each cylinder having a piston, the second cylinder p isTon being partially impelled by the partially spent gases as they pass from the main cylinder daring t' first portion of its stroke and acting as a pump for drawing a new charge into thel front end of the working cylinders substantially as shown and for the purposes described.

6. A gas engine having a double acting working cylinder provided with -a calve closed inlet for the explosive mixture, and a second single acting cylinder having an inlet in communication with4 the working cylinder, said cylinders each having a piston, and the second cylinder having a valve closed' exhaust port, automatic means for imparting differential movement to the two pistons, the piston of the second cylinder during part of its out stroke receiving the iinal expansion of the partially spent gases that exhaust from the working cylinder and during the remainder' ofits stroke acting as a pump to form a vacu'iim in the working cylinder, automatic means for opening the valved closed mixture inlet to the working cylinder when the piston in the second cylinder acts as a pump, and automatic means for opening the valve of the exhaust for the second cylinder, as the pump piston makes a return stroke.

7. In a gas engine of the character described, a. double acting working cylinder having a valved fuel intake port mechanically opeiied at predetermined intervals, an exhaust, :und a piston whose reciprocatory movements control the opening and closing of the said exhaust, in combination with a second si ngle acting cylinder having an inlet in communication with the working cylinder exhaust and having a mechanically opened valved exhaust port, a piston in said second cylinder adapted during a part of its out stroke to receive the gradually reduced force of the partially spent exploded charge from the working cylinder and on the finish of its' out stroke to act as a pump for drawing in a new charge to the working cylinder while its intake port is open, and on its return stroke to force the spent exploded charge through the exhaust port in the said second cylinder, as'set forth.

8. In a gas engine comprising a double acting working cylinder, means for feeding an explosive charge thereto at predetermined times, a piston operating therein, and a sin# gle acting means cooperatively connected with the working cylinder adapted lto receive the final expansive force of the artially spent exploded mixture and as it is thereby actuated to form a pump for sucking in a new charge to the working cylinder and then expel the previous exploded charge to atmosphere, as set forth.

9. A gas engine comprising a double acting working cylinder having a valved intake mechanical y opened at predetermined times by a crank shaft action, and having an exhaust and a piston coupled with the crank shaft which opens and closes the said exhaust in its passage; of a crank shaft, a

second single acting cylinder having an intation of the crank shaft, said cylinder inlet communicating withy the working cylinder exhaust, a piston in the second cylinder coupled with the crank shaft to make two movements to one of the working piston, said piston being arranged to be partially impelled in one direction by the final expansion of the spent charge in the working cylinder, and when it reaches the end of the charge impelled stroke to act as a pump and when 1t returns to act as a plunger to force the burnt charge out through the exhaust in the second cylinder, as specified.

10. In a gas engine, the combination with a double acting working cylinder having a valved fuel intake in each end automatically opened alternately at predetermined times, and a pair of centrally disposed exhausts, and a second single acting cylinder having an inlet in one end in communication with Copies of this patent may be obtained for the two exhausts from the working cylinder and a valved exhaust in the same end automatically opened after the fuel intakes to the working cylinder have been opened and closed, apiston for each of said cylinders, the crank shaft, means for connecting the two pistons with the crank shaft to cause a two to one movement to the second cylinder piston and the power piston, the said pistons, the ports that communicate with the two cylinders and the crank connections beingl such that the second cylinder piston makes a complete stroke outward during that movement of the working piston for uncovering and covering the exhaust explosive port of the working cylinder and on its return movement to expel the last exploded charge as the working piston is still moving forward to compress a new charge, as set forth.

WILLIAM J. WRIGHT.

Witnesses:

ALBERT E. DTETERICH, JOHN T. SCHROTT.

ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D, C. 

